Modeling StepsWeather and DesignSun PositionSolar Position Algorithm (SPA)Basic Solar Position ModelsSandia’s Ephemeris ModelIrradiance & InsolationExtraterrestrial radiationAir MassDirect Normal IrradiancePiecewise Decomposition ModelsDIRINT ModelGlobal Horizontal IrradianceDiffuse Horizontal IrradianceSpectral ContentAM 1.5 Standard SpectrumWeather Data Sources for Performance ModelingSpectral irradiance dataset from AlbuquerqueWeather ObservationsAir TemperatureWind Speed and DirectionPrecipitationAir PressureArray OrientationFixed tiltSingle Axis TrackingTwo-Axis TrackingArray Orientation ErrorsEffect of Array Tilt ErrorsEffect of Array Azimuth ErrorsPlane of Array (POA) IrradianceCalculating POA IrradiancePOA BeamAngle of IncidencePOA Ground ReflectedAlbedoPOA Sky DiffuseIsotropic Sky Diffuse ModelSimple Sandia Sky Diffuse ModelHay and Davies Sky Diffuse ModelReindl Sky Diffuse ModelPerez Sky Diffuse ModelShading, Soiling, and Reflection LossesIncident Angle Reflection LossesPhysical IAM ModelASHRAE IAM ModelMartin and Ruiz IAM ModelSandia IAM ModelDC Module IV CharacteristicsModule TemperatureSandia Module Temperature ModelFaiman Module Temperature ModelCell TemperatureSandia Cell Temperature ModelPVsyst Cell Temperature ModelEffective IrradianceSpectral ResponseSpectral Mismatch ModelsSingle Diode Equivalent Circuit ModelsDe Soto “Five-Parameter” Module ModelPVsyst Module ModelPoint-value modelsSandia PV Array Performance ModelLoss Factor ModelPVWattsImprovements to PVWattsDC Array IVMismatch LossesDC Component HealthDC Wiring LossesArray UtilizationDC to AC ConversionCEC Inverter Test ProtocolOperating TemperatureSandia Inverter ModelDriesse Inverter ModelInverter Saturation or “Clipping”Loss of GridAdvanced Inverter FeaturesAC System OutputAC Wiring LossesPV Performance MetricsPerformance RatioNormalized EfficiencyPerformance IndexAnnual Yield